Diverse Student Populations in Universities: A Scoping Review of Challenges, Skills and Institutional Support

Abstract

Universities enroll students from a variety of ethnic, social and educational backgrounds, with different needs and expectations. Non-traditional students often face significant challenges. This paper examines these challenges, their academic preparedness, and the institutional support available to promote their success and inclusion. A scoping review was conducted using Scopus, ERIC and DOAJ, with supplementary searches performed via Google Scholar. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A total of 60 studies were published between 2010 and 2025 and four websites were included. The results revealed that non-traditional students encounter unique difficulties influenced by their individual backgrounds. These academic struggles are often rooted in unfamiliarity with academic norms rather than a lack of ability among non-traditional students. Finally, the importance of providing multidimensional assistance that addresses a range of student needs was highlighted.